
UNIVERSIDAD DE LOS ANDES - RIO MIO
Using game design as a tool for collective action in artisanal mining communities
WHAT?
Río Mío (Spanish for My River) was a research project that explored the complex relationship between artisanal gold-mining communities in Colombia and their water resources. As part of this work, we co-designed Mineros—a board game that encourages miners to reflect on their practices, consider alternative methods, and build collective action toward safer, more sustainable mining. The game goes beyond raising awareness by providing practical tools to support miners in navigating change collaboratively—especially in the absence of strong government support.
WHY?
Artisanal gold mining is a vital economic activity for many Colombian communities, but it often relies on mercury—a toxic substance that causes serious environmental degradation and health risks. Despite its importance, government support for safer mining practices has been limited, leaving miners to face these challenges largely on their own, while not only risking their health but also the ownership of their ancestral land. This isolation created an urgent need for innovative, community-led approaches that encourage dialogue, shared learning, and collective problem-solving—allowing artisanal miners to understand their impact, harness the power of collective action, and envision pathways forward.
"They [the government] tell us to stop using mercury, but offer no real help."
— Miner during social carthography session
OUTCOME
Mineros (Spanish for miners) became more than a game — it was a tool for imagining new futures. It helped communities recognize shared challenges, explore safer techniques, and strategize collectively around how to adapt. In regions where policy support was minimal or absent, the game offered a rare space for shared learning and peer-led change.
The work was presented at the Participatory Innovation Conference (PIN-C) and featured at Cumulus Mumbai 2015, contributing to global conversations on sustainability, collaborative design, and water justice.
DURATION
10 months, 2013 - 2014
LOCATION
Colombia
MY ROLE
Conducted Design Research
Facilitated social carthography sessions
Co-designed Mineros board game
Illustrated Mineros board game
Co-authored research papers
TEAM
Miguel Navarro Sannint
LINKS
Read: Cumulus Mumbai 2015 paper
Explore: Mineros game reflection paper
HOW?
We combined ethnographic research with participatory design to deeply understand miners' realities and co-create tools that could support dialogue and change. The process unfolded in four key phases:
Ethnographic research — conducting in-depth fieldwork to document miners’ practices, values, and their relationship
with water.
Social cartography — facilitating visual mapping sessions to surface shared narratives around land, environment, and extractive traditions.
Game design — co-creating Mineros, a dilemma-based board game that models real decisions miners face and opens space for reflection and alternative pathways.
Game testing and iteration — playing and refining the game in the field with miners to strengthen relevance, trust, and collective insight.
"This game made me see what could
happen if we worked together."
— Miner after a game session















